i18n(ja): fix mistranslated function-name headings and misc defects

[yahonda]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Found via user spot-checks across the current i18n-ja-release-8.5 branch. Each flagged item was verified against the English source before fixing, and every confirmed defect pattern was then swept corpus-wide for recurrences.

• Restore literal English SQL function names in headings that had been mistranslated as Japanese prose (SLEEP() → 寝る(), VALUES() → 値(), CASE → 場合, IF() → もし（）, and 15 more across functions-and-operators/miscellaneous-functions.md, functions-and-operators/information-functions.md, and functions-and-operators/control-flow-functions.md). Verified corpus-wide via an anchor-based heading comparison against the English source — 0 remaining instances of this pattern after the fix.
• Fix 3 missing が particles after code-span identifiers (string-functions.md x2, partitioned-table.md) and one misplaced を particle (encryption-at-rest.md's --s3.sse argument description).
• Fix a meaning-inverting heading/sentence in partitioned-table.md ("partitioned table" → "partitioned table" instead of the correct "partitioned table" → "non-partitioned table").
• Unify the "rotate the master key" heading to ローテーションする, matching the ローテーション term used in the very next sentence and dominant throughout the rest of the corpus (回転させる was a self-contradicting outlier).
• Restore 4 more lost code fences in pd-control.md that a previous batch (i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 2, 37 files) #23506) missed, and fix newly-discovered lost fences in performance-tuning-methods.md (3), performance-tuning-overview.md (1, plus translating its formula to match the rest of the file), pipelined-dml.md (1), and performance-schema/performance-schema-session-connect-attrs.md (2) — none of which were in the original corpus-wide sweep list from i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 1, 135 files) #23505/i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 2, 37 files) #23506/i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 3, 33 files) #23511, suggesting daily syncs keep reintroducing this defect in newly translated content.
• Unify 5 inconsistent renderings of the "Queries Using Plan Cache OPS" Grafana panel name in performance-tuning-methods.md to the one form the sync bot itself already left correctly in English.

Verified no merge conflicts against all other open i18n-ja-release-8.5 PRs (#23506, #23509, #23511).

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

• master (the latest development version)
• v9.0 (TiDB 9.0 versions)
• v8.5 (TiDB 8.5 versions)
• v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from:
• Other reference link(s): i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 1, 135 files) #23505, i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 2, 37 files) #23506, i18n(ja): restore lost code fences (batch 3, 33 files) #23511

AI agent involvement

• The changes in this PR were primarily made by an AI agent on behalf of the PR author.

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

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