Devalue uxarray to make it less expensive

[cmdupuis3]

Partly addresses #1583

Overview

This PR is to resolve suboptimal usage of .values throughout the repo, primarily by deferring to lazy xarray and dask operations. See the table of usage sites in Issue #1583.

This specific PR is for the first two tables of usage sites; dead code and bugfixes aren't really included here. Aside from simple cases, some cases were solved by branching on whether the data type was already chunked, so scalability for some parts will depend on if you're using numpy or xarray/dask arrays at those points.

PR Checklist

General

• An issue is linked created and linked
• Add appropriate labels
• Filled out Overview and Expected Usage (if applicable) sections

Testing

• Adequate tests are created if there is new functionality
• Tests cover all possible logical paths in your function
• Tests are not too basic (such as simply calling a function and nothing else)

Documentation

• Docstrings have been added to all new functions
• Docstrings have updated with any function changes

[github-actions]

ASV Benchmarking

Benchmark Comparison Results

Benchmarks that have improved:

Change	Before [ac309b0]	After [42d9bdc]	Ratio	Benchmark (Parameter)
-	524M	336M	0.64	face_bounds.FaceBounds.peakmem_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/ugrid/geoflow-small/grid.nc'))
-	644M	335M	0.52	face_bounds.FaceBounds.peakmem_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/ugrid/quad-hexagon/grid.nc'))
-	704±5ms	573±3ms	0.81	mpas_ocean.CrossSections.time_const_lat('120km', 1)
-	357±10ms	288±1ms	0.81	mpas_ocean.CrossSections.time_const_lat('120km', 2)
-	183±1ms	149±0.7ms	0.82	mpas_ocean.CrossSections.time_const_lat('120km', 4)
-	450M	328M	0.73	mpas_ocean.Gradient.peakmem_gradient('480km')

Benchmarks that have stayed the same:

Change	Before [ac309b0]	After [42d9bdc]	Ratio	Benchmark (Parameter)
	10.7±0.1μs	11.0±0.2μs	1.03	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_edge_face('120km')
	11.1±0.09μs	11.2±0.1μs	1	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_edge_face('480km')
	10.5±0.08μs	10.9±0.09μs	1.03	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_edge_node('120km')
	11.2±0.1μs	11.2±0.1μs	1	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_edge_node('480km')
	10.7±0.1μs	10.8±0.09μs	1.01	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_face_edge('120km')
	11.1±0.08μs	11.1±0.2μs	1	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_face_edge('480km')
	10.9±0.08μs	10.9±0.2μs	1	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_face_face('120km')
	11.2±0.1μs	11.1±0.08μs	1	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_face_face('480km')
	22.3±0.1μs	21.4±0.3μs	0.96	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_face_node('120km')
	22.7±0.07μs	22.5±0.2μs	0.99	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_face_node('480km')
	10.9±0.08μs	10.8±0.1μs	0.99	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_node_edge('120km')
	11.0±0.03μs	11.3±0.08μs	1.02	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_node_edge('480km')
	10.7±0.1μs	11.0±0.07μs	1.03	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_node_face('120km')
	11.1±0.1μs	11.1±0.3μs	1	bench_connectivity.Connectivity.time_node_face('480km')
	334M	334M	1	face_bounds.FaceBounds.peakmem_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/mpas/QU/oQU480.231010.nc'))
	365M	363M	0.99	face_bounds.FaceBounds.peakmem_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/scrip/outCSne8/outCSne8.nc'))
	14.6±0.05ms	14.3±0.03ms	0.98	face_bounds.FaceBounds.time_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/mpas/QU/oQU480.231010.nc'))
	3.76±0.08ms	3.68±0.02ms	0.98	face_bounds.FaceBounds.time_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/scrip/outCSne8/outCSne8.nc'))
	19.0±0.1ms	18.9±0.04ms	0.99	face_bounds.FaceBounds.time_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/ugrid/geoflow-small/grid.nc'))
	2.18±0.02ms	2.18±0.01ms	1	face_bounds.FaceBounds.time_face_bounds(PosixPath('/home/runner/work/uxarray/uxarray/test/meshfiles/ugrid/quad-hexagon/grid.nc'))
	571±10ms	566±1ms	0.99	import.Imports.timeraw_import_uxarray
	926±10ns	940±20ns	1.02	mpas_ocean.CheckNorm.time_check_norm('120km')
	895±10ns	884±20ns	0.99	mpas_ocean.CheckNorm.time_check_norm('480km')
	837±10ms	830±10ms	0.99	mpas_ocean.ConnectivityConstruction.time_face_face_connectivity('120km')
	53.7±0.4ms	53.7±0.5ms	1	mpas_ocean.ConnectivityConstruction.time_face_face_connectivity('480km')
	676±20μs	678±5μs	1	mpas_ocean.ConnectivityConstruction.time_n_nodes_per_face('120km')
	588±10μs	585±20μs	0.99	mpas_ocean.ConnectivityConstruction.time_n_nodes_per_face('480km')
	5.46±0.04ms	5.39±0.03ms	0.99	mpas_ocean.ConstructFaceLatLon.time_cartesian_averaging('120km')
	3.96±0.1ms	3.92±0.03ms	0.99	mpas_ocean.ConstructFaceLatLon.time_cartesian_averaging('480km')
	3.45±0.01s	3.45±0.02s	1	mpas_ocean.ConstructFaceLatLon.time_welzl('120km')
	225±1ms	226±5ms	1	mpas_ocean.ConstructFaceLatLon.time_welzl('480km')
	18.1±0.04ms	18.1±0.02ms	1	mpas_ocean.ConstructTreeStructures.time_ball_tree('120km')
	1.04±0.01ms	1.03±0.01ms	0.98	mpas_ocean.ConstructTreeStructures.time_ball_tree('480km')
	10.7±0.1ms	10.6±0.01ms	0.99	mpas_ocean.ConstructTreeStructures.time_kd_tree('120km')
	715±30μs	725±10μs	1.01	mpas_ocean.ConstructTreeStructures.time_kd_tree('480km')
	548±3ms	523±2ms	0.95	mpas_ocean.CrossSections.time_const_lat('480km', 1)
	277±3ms	262±1ms	0.94	mpas_ocean.CrossSections.time_const_lat('480km', 2)
	142±2ms	135±0.4ms	0.95	mpas_ocean.CrossSections.time_const_lat('480km', 4)
	24.9±0.7ms	24.3±0.2ms	0.98	mpas_ocean.DualMesh.time_dual_mesh_construction('120km')
	3.35±0.1ms	3.09±0.05ms	0.92	mpas_ocean.DualMesh.time_dual_mesh_construction('480km')
	959±4ms	950±2ms	0.99	mpas_ocean.GeoDataFrame.time_to_geodataframe('120km', False)
	53.0±2ms	53.2±1ms	1	mpas_ocean.GeoDataFrame.time_to_geodataframe('120km', True)
	84.1±1ms	84.6±0.4ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.GeoDataFrame.time_to_geodataframe('480km', False)
	5.64±0.3ms	5.56±0.1ms	0.99	mpas_ocean.GeoDataFrame.time_to_geodataframe('480km', True)
	349M	349M	1	mpas_ocean.Gradient.peakmem_gradient('120km')
	174±1ms	173±0.3ms	1	mpas_ocean.Gradient.time_gradient('120km')
	12.5±0.07ms	12.2±0.02ms	0.98	mpas_ocean.Gradient.time_gradient('480km')
	224±1μs	224±0.4μs	1	mpas_ocean.HoleEdgeIndices.time_construct_hole_edge_indices('120km')
	133±0.6μs	131±0.5μs	0.99	mpas_ocean.HoleEdgeIndices.time_construct_hole_edge_indices('480km')
	298M	298M	1	mpas_ocean.Integrate.peakmem_integrate('120km')
	277M	277M	1	mpas_ocean.Integrate.peakmem_integrate('480km')
	219±3μs	215±1μs	0.98	mpas_ocean.Integrate.time_integrate('120km')
	203±0.4μs	196±2μs	0.97	mpas_ocean.Integrate.time_integrate('480km')
	183±1ms	185±2ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.MatplotlibConversion.time_dataarray_to_polycollection('120km', 'exclude')
	183±3ms	185±2ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.MatplotlibConversion.time_dataarray_to_polycollection('120km', 'include')
	181±1ms	186±0.6ms	1.03	mpas_ocean.MatplotlibConversion.time_dataarray_to_polycollection('120km', 'split')
	13.8±0.3ms	13.9±0.09ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.MatplotlibConversion.time_dataarray_to_polycollection('480km', 'exclude')
	13.6±0.4ms	13.8±0.2ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.MatplotlibConversion.time_dataarray_to_polycollection('480km', 'include')
	13.8±0.3ms	13.7±0.09ms	1	mpas_ocean.MatplotlibConversion.time_dataarray_to_polycollection('480km', 'split')
	352±6μs	356±1μs	1.01	mpas_ocean.PointInPolygon.time_face_search_lonlat('120km')
	357±3μs	359±4μs	1.01	mpas_ocean.PointInPolygon.time_face_search_lonlat('480km')
	334±2μs	332±1μs	0.99	mpas_ocean.PointInPolygon.time_face_search_xyz('120km')
	340±2μs	334±2μs	0.98	mpas_ocean.PointInPolygon.time_face_search_xyz('480km')
	241±3ms	242±0.6ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.RemapDownsample.time_bilinear_remapping
	286±2ms	291±5ms	1.02	mpas_ocean.RemapDownsample.time_inverse_distance_weighted_remapping
	4.76±0.04ms	4.74±0.03ms	1	mpas_ocean.RemapDownsample.time_nearest_neighbor_remapping
	1.42±0s	1.43±0.01s	1.01	mpas_ocean.RemapUpsample.time_bilinear_remapping
	36.5±0.5ms	36.6±0.3ms	1	mpas_ocean.RemapUpsample.time_inverse_distance_weighted_remapping
	9.52±0.1ms	9.60±0.1ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.RemapUpsample.time_nearest_neighbor_remapping
	28.8±0.08ms	29.1±1ms	1.01	mpas_ocean.ZonalAverage.time_zonal_average('120km')
	6.60±0.05ms	6.57±0.03ms	1	mpas_ocean.ZonalAverage.time_zonal_average('480km')
	273M	273M	1	quad_hexagon.QuadHexagon.peakmem_open_dataset
	272M	272M	1	quad_hexagon.QuadHexagon.peakmem_open_grid
	7.26±0.3ms	6.92±0.1ms	0.95	quad_hexagon.QuadHexagon.time_open_dataset
	5.91±0.2ms	5.93±0.08ms	1	quad_hexagon.QuadHexagon.time_open_grid

[cmdupuis3]

pre-commit.ci autofix

[cmdupuis3]

There's some spurious asv results from machine variability, but the benchmarks consistenly show peak-mem reductions and some speedups for cross-sections.

[cmdupuis3]

pre-commit.ci autofix